How is the lyric different? Difference between lyrics and poetry. General concept of lyrics and epic

Sometimes the words "lyric" and "poetry" are used in the same context. However, they cannot be called absolute synonyms. To apply the concepts for their intended purpose, it is necessary to find out how lyrics differ from poetry.

Definition

lyrics name a kind of literature (one of three), a feature of which is the sensual expression of the author of his state of mind. At the same time, the personal, subjective becomes generally significant, interesting for many people, since it echoes their feelings and experiences.

Poetry- creativity in which a language different from ordinary is used. In a general sense, poetic means works of a poetic format. Traditional verses, in turn, are lines with consonant endings - rhymes.

Comparison

If we talk about the difference between lyrics and poetry in general terms, then lyrics are the feelings and emotions that are in the center of attention of a separate work, and poetry is the form in which the author’s speech is clothed.

Let's consider each of the concepts in more detail. Let's look at the lyrics first. To understand its features, let's compare the lyrics with the other two types of literature. One of them is the epic, which involves a narrative about ongoing external events. At the same time, the reader clearly sees the temporal and spatial sphere in which certain actions are performed.

Lyric is opposed to epic. If the latter reflects the facts of objective reality, then the lyrics are based on an appeal to the inner world. In this case, the author tries to show experiences in their dynamics, using certain artistic means. Works relating to drama (the third of the genera) may contain both lyrical and epic moments.

Let's turn now to poetry. It is often understood as poetry, that is, creativity, the opposite of prose, which is not characterized by rhymes. At the same time, some transitional forms also belong to poetry, such as blank verse. If we consider the issue even more broadly, then sometimes any elegant presentation, even purely prosaic, is called poetic, in a metaphorical sense.

Understanding the difference between lyrics and poetry, it should be noted that lyrics can be found in poetic, dramatic works, and prose. Music or the mood of a person are lyrical. However, poetry is not always lyrical. For example, a lyric is not a narrative poem or a verse advertisement.

In Russian literature of the 19th century, the poetry of A. S. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov is separated not by an era, but by a brief moment, which would be enough to turn the page of a book. M. Yu. Lermontov responded to the tragic death of A. S. Pushkin with the poem "On the Death of a Poet", and Russia learned about a new talent, in terms of the power of talent not inferior to Pushkin's genius.

The poetic world of Lermontov did not become a mirror reflection of the motives and images of Pushkin's lyrics. Its distinguishing feature is a deep focus on the conflict between dream and reality, which determined the romantic content of the poet's work, whose attitude was formed under the significant influence of the lyrical works of J. Byron.

The main leitmotif in Lermontov's poetry is the theme of loneliness, inner isolation, dissatisfaction with one's fate. It sounds both like the inner voice of a lyrical hero in the poem "Sail", and as a philosophical subtext in landscape lyrics, and as echoes of spiritual anguish in mature works "No, I'm not Byron, I'm different", "I go out alone on the road", " And boring and sad”, “My future is in the fog”.

There is no such tragic sound in Pushkin's work. In his poems, the romantic ideal is associated with the affirmation of a bright beginning, creative freedom, and the definition of the poet's role as a servant of high art.

intimate Pushkin's lyrics full of personal experiences, but there is no hopelessness and denial inherent in Lermontov's poetry. “I remember a wonderful moment”, “What is in my name for you”, the Ring”, “I loved you” - poems in which sadness is light, and feelings are sublimely beautiful. For Lermontov, this theme sounds like doom and disbelief in the possibility of happiness. An example is the poem "I will not humiliate myself before you."

Pushkin's landscape lyrics can be called sketches from nature: her images are not burdened with excessive metaphor, they are simple, expressive and perfect. “Winter Morning”, “The daylight has gone out”, “The mighty ridge of clouds is thinning”, “Autumn” are poems in which the eternally living nature personifies the harmony of the world. In Lermontov's lyrics dedicated to this topic, the genre of landscape miniature dominates, using complex allegories and mythologized images associated with the poet's reflection on life and death. “Mountain peaks”, “When the yellowing field is agitated”, “Clouds”, “Caucasus”, as well as other lyrical works of the poet, are built on internal contrasts, reflecting the disharmony of the surrounding world.

A special place in Pushkin's work is occupied by the genres of a friendly message and a philosophical elegy. They are filled with positive meaning and awareness of the divine principle in everything that is destined for a person by fate. AT lyrics by Lermontov the theme of communication with contemporaries is colored by a subjective feeling of dissatisfaction and longing for an unrealizable ideal. Hence - the textbook Lermontov's lines: "I look sadly at our generation ..."

The same motif prevails in the civil lyrics of Lermontov. In the poems “Motherland”, “Farewell, unwashed Russia”, “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd”, the lyrical hero is opposed to the environment, seeks to break out of it, to rise above the ordinary consciousness of his surroundings. In Pushkin's poems, the civic motive is associated with the desire to "burn people's hearts with the verb" and "lyre to awaken" the best human feelings.

TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between Pushkin's lyrics and Lermontov's lyrics is as follows:

1. Lyric poetry of A.S. Pushkin is characterized by a variety of themes and motives, which reflect the life-affirming position of the author. In Lermontov's lyrics, the main theme is the insoluble conflict between one's own destiny and the era.
2. The appointment of a poet in Pushkin's work is defined as serving the highest ideals. The poet in Lermontov's poetry is a superpersonality with a tragic attitude, aware of his exclusivity and loneliness in the world around him.
3. Pushkin's lyrics are distinguished by perfection of form, purity of language, naturalness of artistic images. In Lermontov's romantic poetry, form is subordinated to content, in which allegorical images and symbolism borrowed from mythology play an important role.

Translated from Greek, this word means a musical instrument - a lyre. This is due to the fact that in the ancient world, poets sang their poems to the sounds of the lyre, and did not read them. It was also customary to depict them with this tool.

To better understand what lyrics are, you need to compare it with two more dramas and, unlike it, it tells about a person’s life, about the events that happen to him. Drama reflects life in the experiences and actions of the hero, that is, in the action shown in the work. The lyrics, on the other hand, do not depict the thoughts, feelings and worries of the hero, but only those that are caused by the specific circumstances of life. It reveals his inner world and thus allows the reader to imagine what circumstances caused the experiences that the author describes.

Despite the conciseness, brevity of poetic works, they have all the features of a figurative, artistic reflection of life: an element of fiction, generalization, individualization, educational value. This also helps to understand in more detail what the lyrics are. The generalization of the poems is manifested in the desire to convey in the experiences of one lyrical hero the experiences that are common to many, typical. Individualization is manifested by the transfer of real, living feelings of a single person. An element of fiction is present in the poet's transfer of experiences characteristic of the historical period in which he lives, his era. The educational value of poetic works lies in the depiction of experiences that reflect life in the light of the reigning ideology.

Thus, the hero in the work helps to fully understand what the lyrics are, to appreciate its significance. As a rule, it arises in the mind of the reader after getting acquainted not with one, but with a whole series of poems by one poet, and even better - with all his work.

Arguing about what lyricism is, it is impossible not to mention its characteristic feature - the poetic form. This is a mandatory feature of any kind. Lyrical works, dressed in poetic form, perfectly convey all sorts of shades of human speech, its saturation with feelings.

The types of lyrics are distinguished according to the principle underlying their classification. So, according to the content of a poetic work, landscape, love, philosophical, etc.

In addition, since ancient times, the following types of this literary genre have been distinguished: folk song, elegy, madrigal, stanzas, eclogue, epigram, epitaph.

For example, madrigal. Initially, it was a shepherd's song of idyllic content, but gradually developed into a poem in which, in a playful tone, an exaggeratedly positive characterization of the person addressed by the author is given. Poets of the late 18th - early 19th centuries still composed madrigals, while departing from the form adopted in antiquity.

A kind of poetry like an eclogue is similar to a pastoral or idyll. Most often, the poem was written in the form of small dialogues. It was often staged on stage, accompanied by suitable music and dancing.

Elegies are poems full of sadness. They are found in the lyrics of Western Europe and Russia until the beginning of the 19th century. They were written by M. Yu. Lermontov, A. S. Pushkin, V. A. Zhukovsky.

Among the various types of satirical poetry, the epigram stands out. A small poem contains an evil ridicule of some person. Although initially the ancient Greeks called this word the inscription on the pedestal, statue, dishes and on the temple. Writing epigrams is also common among modern poets.

These types of lyrics have the same names in the literature of Ancient Greece.

First, the lyric belongs to one of the three kinds of literature along with the epic and the drama. Poetry, on the other hand, is most often opposed to prose, as poetic speech is not poetic. Secondly, the very word "lyric" can also be used in a figurative sense, like most nouns in Russian. For example, lyrical mood, on a lyrical wave, lyrical music, etc. With poetry, there are much fewer associations - many habitually represent poetic lines that are written or printed in a column, their endings coincide completely or partially, and these final consonances are usually called rhymes. Thirdly, lyrics do not necessarily imply a poetic work, as the author of poems in prose I.S. Turgenev proved. There are also transitional forms in poetry - white verse, free verse or free verse, but they are rather an exception. Poetry, to put it simply, is rhymed lines, their totality. Lyrics is a large literary layer, a collection of works of art on various topics.

• Lyrics, lyrical poetry (from the Greek λυρικός - “performed to the sounds of a lyre, sensitive, lyre”) is a kind of literature that reproduces the subjective personal feeling (attitude towards something) or the mood of the author (ESBE). According to Ozhegov's dictionary, lyricism means sensitivity in feelings, in moods, softness and subtlety of the emotional beginning; Efremova's dictionary notes the emotionality, poetic excitement, sincerity that characterize him. According to the dictionary of L.P. Krysin, lyric poetry is poetry that expresses the feelings and experiences of the poet.

  "Lyrical manner of narration" implies a type of construction of an artistic image, which is based on emotional experience. If in epic and drama the image is based on a multifaceted image of a person in his activity, in complex relationships with people in the life process, the lyrical image is an image-experience. But the experience is socially significant, in which the individual spiritual world of the poet, without losing its autobiographical nature, receives a generalized expression, thereby going beyond his personality. The lyrical image is an aesthetically significant experience, the autobiographical beginning is present in it, as it were, in a filmed form, and it is important for us that the poet experienced this experience and that it could have been experienced at all in the given circumstances. If we know that a lyrical experience is not autobiographical, it still retains its artistic value insofar as it could be experienced. There is a tradition to view the lyrics as the poet's focus on his individual inner life. Thus, the lyrics are interpreted as "confessional creativity", as "self-expression" and "self-disclosure".

  Unlike epic and drama, lyricism is not associated with plot as a constructive feature, although it does not exclude the simplest plot organization. As A. Potebnya noted, unlike the epic, where the past tense dominates, the lyrical work is written in the present tense. If with regard to epic and dramatic works we have the right to ask “how did it end” or briefly state its event basis, then in relation to lyrical works this question is meaningless.

  A lyrical poem in its most concentrated form is a moment of inner human life. We find ourselves, as it were, in the epicenter of the experience that the poet is engulfed in and which is holistic. Unlike epic and drama, lyrics do not have the ability to broadly describe the phenomena of reality; the main means in a lyrical work is the word, which in its organization corresponds to the experience that finds its expression in it. In a lyrical work, the word is distinguished by its compactness, the significance of each sound, intonation, rhythmic element, the shade of stress, pause. Every element of speech, every nuance and shade is noticeable.

  The lyrics include a poem, a romance, a message, an elegy.

  The origins of lyrics lie in the ability of a singer (reader) to convey mood, emotion through vocals, intonation, word and rhyme.

  The oldest works of artificial lyrics that have come down to us are the Psalms of King David and the Song of Songs. The Psalms subsequently formed the basis of religious Christian lyrics and were translated into all European languages. The Song of Songs, attributed to King Solomon, can be called a lyrical-dramatic poem; its content has given rise to many different interpretations.